Tow Path - Imtiaz Dharker

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1.

Every step we take

Could have been a step

In another direction.

This time we choose

To go to the canal.

By the time we reach it

The day decides to stop

Following us around.

·         First Line. Here, we refers to women in general. Women of the Indian tradition and culture to be specific.

·         Second, Third Lines. These lines clearly suggest the lack of independence given to women considering the path they are allowed to follow. Even these paths they are allowed to choose from are laid down by the society.

·         Fourth, Fifth Lines. The women finally have to make a choice similar to the other choices given unto them by the society. Generalizing the kind of choices that are given to them, it becomes very clear that most of these are based on serving the men of the world and carrying out the traditional household duties. In this line the woman chooses the path to the canal to fetch water for the household.

·         Sixth, Seventh, Eighth Lines. It takes long for the women to bring back water from the canal. By the time they arrive its sundown already. And usually in villages women leave their homes in the morning and they have to travel by foot to reach the canal which is the closest source of drinkable water. By the time they reach there its afternoon and by the time they come back, its sunset. Much of the water either evaporates or spills as they carry it back to their homes.

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2.

While we are picking

Our way down, watching our feet

The parks pack up, the city

Moves a few miles away.

Children’s voices are balloons

Released to open sky.

Behind us footsteps fade,

Streets turn into water.

·         First, Second Lines. As the women are going back to their villages through the cities which they have to pass as they go back home, the look down in shame to the ground as they are looked down upon by the society. There is a fear which has evolved within the females as they have been brought up in a certain congested way giving rise to narrow-mindedness, discouragement to move forward in life.

·         Third- Eighth Lines. In these lines one can see as how everything is moving away from women. As they continue travelling on their pre-laden path, they experience a gradual increase in loneliness. Here, the city moves away from them as they don’t serve any purpose there. Children abandon them as they get married and move on with their lives. Footsteps here symbolise the history of the women which isn’t preserved in any form. Like footsteps on the beach their impressions in the sand are ignored and these impressions fade away.  The line ‘Streets turn to water’ suggests that all the roads they have travelled throughout their lives are as plain as water. They cannot be distinguished anymore like the Atlantic which sunk to the sea and no one can tell if such a feat was really accomplished or was it just a story.

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3.

Leaf by leaf, the day grows smaller.

Whoever we are now,

This has been bequeathed to us.

Every other claimant has stepped aside.

Our steps the only steps.

The last finger of light points out

Landmarks we do not recognise.

·         First Line. This line tells us that it is autumn and winter is close suggesting death and how is moving near to them.

·         Second, Third Lines. The will of women is not given to women by themselves. It’s a will of society forged by men under selfish circumstances. This will has become so common that women also feel that they should follow the tradition which has been bequeathed to them by the society without and prejudice or reasoning of any kind.

·         Fourth, Fifth Lines. Here claimant refers to man who accepts women for an arranged marriage. Widows here haven’t been accepted by any man for marriages. Unmarried women in India and women who cannot bear children are deemed as cursed women by the society. The line ‘Our steps the only steps’, tells us that these widows move along this beach of life alone without anyone beside them. When death strikes their existence seems much useless as they have no material existence nor are they remembered by anyone rendering their lives almost non-existent.

·         Sixth, Seventh Lines. In the end when women get hope and direction it is hard for them to understand how exactly they get on with their lives after living in such a monotonous and suppressive society. Here, ‘Finger of light’ symbolises direction which gives the women hope and ‘landmarks’ here show the destination of arrival where women might find a new life to start. But what is the use when one does not know how to use the boat when he/she has to travel by the river even if they have the boat of the best kind.

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4.

Still, between the cobbled banks,

Cradled by bare branches.

We know we will be safe.

Now, even the unknown path

Will tow us home.

·         In this stanza, ‘home’ refers to the old life that they followed. This stanza tells us that, whatever path these women take, in the end, they would always end up going home. Change is something that is very uncommon and they do not expect it to happen anytime soon suggesting that they have lost hope in hope itself.

·         The word ‘Tow’ over here has been used very intelligently. This can be taken in a very aggressive sense as ‘tow’ is a strong word. The poetess is trying to tell us that whatever happens in the lives of these women, in the end they are dragged back to their normal lives of service and solidarity.

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Core themes:-

.Freedom

.Gender politics

.Communal Conflict

.Violence, Oppression

.Injustice

.Feminism

.Journeys

Rain - Rachakonda Viswanatha Sastry / Ravi Sastry

Rain is a short story, originally written in Telegu by Rachakonda Viswanathasastry. The story deals with the plight of a young man, trapped by heavy rainfall in a roadside shack, who’s running late for his train to Calcutta.

The story begins with the young man, Purushottam, taking shelter from the pouring rain in a small roadside tea shack with an old man. Following a small conversation between the two about the rain, the author jumps back in time, and begins to describe the journey of the author up until the present point. Under pressure from family members to get married, the protagonist was sent to Adivipalem, a small village in Andhra Pradesh, to meet a prospective bride. After a day or two, Purushottam leaves the village, heading to the train station from which he intends to catch a train back to Kolkata. Smitten by her beauty however, the protagonist strongly wishes to return to the village and marry the lady. While travelling by ox-cart to the station, the protagonist finds himself trapped in a fierce gale. With that, the author returns to narrating the events presently unfolding.

Upon being told by the old man that the rain isn’t bound to stop any time soon, Purushottam feels agonized and distraught. He begins to rue his decision to venture to Adivipalem prior to completing his business in Calcutta. He summons to mind various instances of him blindly following his the instructions of his elders. An extract of which is shown below

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This had been his [Purushottam’s] approach in every matter. “If you don’t know how to swim, don’t get into the water, be careful.” “Of Course I won’t”. … “Inequity and injustice; why bother about it, mind your own business, otherwise you’ll land yourself in serious trouble, so take care.”

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The above examples are but two. More than 4 are given in the story in the same paragraph. Just as Purushottam seems to be on the verge of losing hope, the old man’s grandson, that the former had sent out to collect firewood prior to the start of the story, returns, surging through the pouring sheets of rain. The sight of a mere child defying such odds, fans the dying ember of hope inside of Purushottam. Inspired by the young boy’s courage and daring, Purushottam leaves the warmth and safety of the shack, braving the cold wet rains, and presses on towards his destination. Throughout the course of the story, Purushottam is depicted as an indecisive and relatively immature young man, blindly heeding the directives of his relatives, rather than making decisions for himself. He is not shown to be outgoing or outspoken, rather, keeping to himself the majority of the time.

Descriptive language and vivid settings are used often by the writer to emphasize the protagonist’s state of mind. For example, when Purushottam first sees his bride-to-be, the author paints a semi-surrealistic image of his surroundings, bathed in a warm positive light, in the reader’s mind. The heavy rainfall, the shack, and the looming clouds above, all come to symbolize the binding measures that have restrained his life, preventing him from unlocking his full potential. The conclusion of the story; the protagonist’s decision to leave the shack and venture into the rain, is particularly symbolic, as it is the first time, to our knowledge at least, that the man has committed himself to doing something of his own accord, and, by doing so, has indirectly dictated his own fate. The writer also presents a strong moral viewpoint through the story, to the reader, about the role of women in society. Despite the large role that the protagonist’s visit of his wife-to-be plays in the story, the aforementioned woman is hardly heard from at all, her silence, ironically innocuous.

The theme of obedience, be it filial, parental, or otherwise, is one that permeates this story from beginning to end. Almost all of the events in the story have been set into motion by the protagonist’s seeming inability to refuse the wishes and commands of his elders and relatives alike. Take, for example, his travelling to Adivipalem to meet a prospective bride. This only occurred because he, the protagonist, paid heed to the words of his maternal uncle. Prior to his stepping out of the shack, Purushottam lists various personal examples of obedience that he had once paid heed to. An example above, in the summary part, shows two such examples. By painting this picture, the author could be attempting to make a statement to the reader, of how over –protection, and our expectance of blind obedience from those younger than us, can, in the long term, have an extremely detrimental effect on both their mental as well as their physical wellbeing.