The Last of His Tribe - Henry Kendall

Bush Poetry, includes the poems which talk about the lives of people during the colonial times in Australia. The Last of his Tribe, written by Henry Kendall is one such poem. Looking back to the history of Australia, around the time of the colonial invasion and the massacre of the Aboriginals, Australia has had a pretty rough history. Similar to America and the Red Indian Massacre Australia had to give up its mainland in the name of might.

The poem narrates the final moments of a young man from the Aboriginals tribe who has taken refuge by a waterfall.

He crouches, and buries his face on his knees,

   And hides in the dark of his hair;

For he cannot look up to the storm-smitten trees,

   Or think of the loneliness there --

   Of the loss and the loneliness there.

The First stanza starts off with an image of the man crouching, burying his face on his knees as his long hair hides the rest of his face. “For he cannot…” tells us the state of emotional turmoil he is in as he remembers his people who lived with, among the trees and are there no more. Due to this, there is a kind of loneliness that exists in the forest due to missing aboriginals. There is also, a sense of loss as the man has no one to look back to and nothing of his own.

The wallaroos grope through the tufts of the grass,

   And turn to their coverts for fear;

But he sits in the ashes and lets them pass

   Where the boomerangs sleep with the spear --

   With the nullah, the sling and the spear.

Second Stanza: The wallaroos hide behind the tufts of grass while passing the man by. In the line, “But he sits in the...” tells us about the young man sitting in ashes with his different equipment. The equipment mentioned in the text in front of him is usually used by the Aboriginals for hunting.

Uloola, behold him!  The thunder that breaks

   On the tops of the rocks with the rain,

And the wind which drives up with the salt of the lakes,

   Have made him a hunter again --

   A hunter and fisher again.

Third Stanza: Uloola, meaning waterfall. After reading this stanza we can imagine the man standing by the waterfall with the camera panning away from him with the waterfall in the picture, a thunder striking the sky as rain strikes the ground with a breeze passing him by. On realizing that there is no point in keeping his head buried in his laps, and upon understanding the fact that if there is something that needs to be done, he is the only one who can do it. Hence, he picks up his equipment and proclaims himself as the hunter again.  For his eyes have been full with a smouldering thought;

   But he dreams of the hunts of yore,

And of foes that he sought, and of fights that he fought

   With those who will battle no more --

   Who will go to the battle no more.

Fourth Stanza: After realizing that nothing is achievable with the mind of a loafer, his eyes lit up, with a fire of determination and that of rage. He looks to the future with his fiery eyes but looks back to his old days, that of hunting and battling. Battles which he willingly fought against his foes, battles fought alongside friends whom he would meet no more (Cuz they dead (Duh)).  

It is well that the water which tumbles and fills,

   Goes moaning and moaning along;

For an echo rolls out from the sides of the hills,

   And he starts at a wonderful song --

   At the sound of a wonderful song.

Fifth Stanza: As the water from the waterfall falls, a gunfire is heard from the side of the hills which hits the young man. He sings a song as he is falling to his death. This gives a very saddening feel to the poem and its ending.

And he sees, through the rents of the scattering fogs,

   The corroboree warlike and grim,

And the lubra who sat by the fire on the logs,

   To watch, like a mourner, for him --

   Like a mother and mourner for him.

Sixth Stanza: The man starts hallucinating as he dies, his life flashes in front of him and he remembers the times he had lived in the forest. He sees a lubra(woman) sitting by a bonfire. This woman just might be his mother who is referred to in the next to next line as well. As there is no one there to mourn for him, he hallucinates his mother mourning for him as he descends to his death.

Will he go in his sleep from these desolate lands?

   Like a chief, to the rest of his race,

With the honey-voiced woman who beckons and stands,

   And gleams like a dream in his face --

   Like a marvellous dream in his face?

Seventh Stanza: The death of this man as of the others of his tribe was just as significant as the others. To crown him as a chief or to let him die as a man, on his death bed is not something one should ask. In the time of death, a man’s life is only good if he has something to look back to. Considering the vast cultural knowledge lost in the process of the Australian Extermination, even us as humans have lost a lot of knowledge. But maybe all a man would like to look back to is a memory. A memory which he would keep with him forever. “With the honey…” this line tells us that the man is dreaming now, and can hear a honey-voiced woman. As the woman seems to beckons the man and stand. We can interpret this as being the man’s rebirth as his new mother is holding him in her arms.

Important facts:

·         The second last line of the every stanza repeats as the last line with a little difference in the text. This brings in an echo-y feel to the whole poem and manages to blend in nicely with the end of the poem.

Graduation Day - Maya Angelou

Graduation Day by Maya Angelou is an excerpt from her Auto biography. This excerpt narrates her 8^th Grade Graduation Ceremony. As a pattern following 3 main sections, flowing into Graduation from Pre-Graduation and concluding to a very satisfying end.

Considering the time constraint, I am going to link the summary here. Please do refer to the same before moving forward. http://entertainmentguide.local.com/summary-the-graduation-maya-angelou-3385.html

The distinction that is naturally created between the blacks and whites in this excerpt shows us that what has been written in history and the torment the slave south has endured is no joke. As this is just a reflection of the same in a post-traumatic era. Prevalent themes and motifs of lingering hope and racism exist. Racism is a very important theme as it is important to understand the difference in lifestyle and standards followed by the whites compared to the blacks.

Important extracts

1. 1.       Unlike the white high school, Lafayette County Training School distinguished itself by having neither lawn, nor hedges, nor tennis court, nor climbing ivy.
2. 2.       …bats and balls could be borrowed from the P.E. teacher if the borrower was qualified and if the diamond wasn’t occupied.
3. 3.       …our usual assembly pattern: The American National Anthem, the pledge of allegiance, then the song every black person I knew called the Negro National Anthem.
4. 4.       (Enter white people)The shorter one walked to the speaker’s platform, and the tall one moved to the centre seat and sat down. But that was our Principal’s seat and already occupied.
5. 5.       The Central School (naturally, the white school was central) had already been granted improvements that would be in use in the fall. A well-known artist was coming from Little Rock to teach art to them.
6. 6.       The white kids were going to have a chance to become Galileos, Madame Curies and Edisons and Gauguins, and our boys (the girls weren’t even considered) would try to be Jesse Owens and Joe Louises.
7. 7.       Graduation, the hush-hush magic time of frills……had exposed us.
8. 8.       Donleavy was running for election … part of Arkansas
9. 9.       He finished, and since there was no need to give any… at the door
10. 10.   The ugliness they left was palpable… captain of my soul.
11. 11.   I thought about colours I hated : ecru, puce, lavender, beige and black

Line 1 and 2 show how well off the Central School was compared to the grammar school Maya Angelou was studying in. They weren’t even given proper facilities compared to the other school, considering they were in the same County.

Line 4 shows the arrogance of the shorter white person as he approached the seat of the Principal and his nonchalance dictated the importance they gave to the blacks.

Line 5 elucidates the fact that the white people in general are being provided with a lot compared to the blacks.

Line 6 employs racism to the job prospects the blacks have compared to the whites. Where whites excel in the academic areas and blacks in the athletic areas.

Para 7 After working so hard for the entire year and studying so much, it all seems to have gone to waste. Even after graduating as the topper of her class all this seemed very ambiguous as there is nothing for her to achieve as she knows that in the end she would be judged based on her colour and not her work. ‘We were maids and farmers, handymen and washerwomen, and anything higher that we aspired to was a farcical and presumptuous.’

Line 9 narrates how Donleavy left without greeting but merely nodding to the people as he left with his unintroduced companion.

Para 10 Here, after the departure of the white gentlemen, recitations were in procession. Elouise, the daughter of the Baptist Minister recited the fabled poem, Invictus by William Ernest Henley. Beautiful poem (http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/invictus/). The last line of the poem ‘I am the master of the fate, I am the captain of my soul’, contrasts the statement made by Angelou in Para 7. Thus, creating a sense of hopelessness that lingers throughout.

Line 11 is the skin colours of the black people. This is important as it shows us the blame she puts on her being black and cursing the very fact that her achievement did not depend on her hard work but her colour.

Towards the last two pages of the short story, as the Negro National Anthem(as mentioned in the text) is being sung, each and every word of the same, which Angelou had never put any effort in listening to before, made it all clear to her now. Liberation, hard work, sacrifices, and acceptance has now captured her senses. Accepting not that she is from the graduating class of 1940 but also that she is a part of the beautiful Negro Race.

The excerpt ends with the acceptance to the community that she embraces and also that she is a part of a family of poets, preachers, musicians and romanticists.